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According to the National Bureau of Statistics data on foreign trade, China is responsible for most of the imports into Nigeria. In the five quarters under review, China was the number one nation in the top 10 countries.
While China is responsible for the bulk of the nation’s imports, export to China is negligible according to available data. The country was missing from the nation’s top 10 export destinations in Q1 2018 – Q1 2020, and Q1 2022.
Only in Q1 2021 did China rank on the top 10 export destinations when it ranked third with N190.11bn. In the same quarter, total imports from China were put at N2.01tn.
Imports from China grew across the quarters under review. In Q1 2018, it was N530.98bn, it grew to N979.29bn in Q1 2019, and N1.11tn in Q1 2020.
It was highest in Q1 2021 at N2.01tn and dropped to N1.51tn in Q1 2022. According to the NBS, imports from China include motorcycles, machines for the reception of voice, electrical apparatus for line telephony, or line telegraphy, mackerel, parts of machinery for working on rubber or plastics, crude salt, compressed salt used in animal feeding, antibiotics, herbicides and more.
Nigeria’s exports to China in the period under review included, polyethylene, leather, sesamum seeds, cashew nuts, zinc ores and concentrates, lead ores and concentrates, and more.
In Q1 2022, imports to China accounted for 25.55 percent of the total import (N5.90tn). In Q1 2021, it was 29.34 percent of the total imports (N6.85tn). In Q1 2020, it was 26.28 percent of the total import (N4.22tn), in Q1 2019, it was 26.4 percent of total imports (N3.70tn), and 21.1 percent of the total imports (N2.52tn) in Q1 2018.
According to the Chairman, Export Group, Manufacturers Association of Nigeria/Vice Chairman, Sapele Integrated Industries Limited. Mr. Ede Dafinone, there is no equality requirement on imports and exports for nations.
He said, “There is no guarantee or requirement for any country to import and export the same volume from each other.
“If Nigeria is exporting a certain quantity worth of goods and services and importing another quantity of goods and services from another country, the issue is what is the next difference with net import and export. There is no requirement as to which country is responsible for this. It doesn’t matter where the deficit is as long as there is an overall surplus.”
In recent years, the bilateral relationship between Nigeria and China has improved. In the period under review, Nigeria’s borrowing from China increased by 89.94 percent to hit $3.67bn, making it the nation’s largest bilateral lender.
According to the Debt Management Office, about $3.12bn of the loans from China are project-tied and include 11 projects such as the Nigerian Railway Corporation’s modernization project, Abuja Light Rail project, Four Nigerian airports’ terminals expansion project (Abuja, Kano, Lagos, and Port Harcourt), and more.
